Spanish authorities have arrested 14 individuals, including Víctor de Aldama, in a major crackdown on a hydrocarbon fraud network that allegedly defrauded the Spanish Treasury of 182 million euros over two years.

The operation, led by the Guardia Civil and the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, involved raids across several provinces, including Madrid, Salamanca, and Cáceres.

Aldama, a key figure in the 'Koldo case' involving illegal commissions during the pandemic, is accused of using complex corporate structures to evade taxes and launder money.

His associate, Claudio Rivas, was also detained.

The investigation, directed by the Central Court of Instruction No.

5, remains under judicial secrecy to prevent evidence tampering.